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WESTERN SADDLES
Check the fit of any western saddle by first placing it on your horse's back without a pad, and look at the overall picture: does it look too big or too long for the horse? Too small? Any saddle that immediately looks out of proportion probably is not a good fit for any of several reasons. Check the gullet to be sure it's not resting on or too near the horses's withers, and remember that your weight in the saddle will settle it down at least 1/2 inch. The panels, which are the fleece-covered portion underneath, should smoothly match the angle of your horse's shoulder. If you try to slip your hand under the bars of the saddle from the front, you should feel a uniform snugness from the top, near the gullet, to the points of the tree which are about halfway down the saddle. If the top feels tight but there is room for your hand to slide in an inch or two down, the tree is probably too wide for your horse. On the other hand, if there is space showing on the panels above your horse's withers and it feels like a tight squeeze a few inches down, the tree is probably too narrow.
While there is not complete uniformity in the definitions of terms for tree size, most manufacturers of western saddles will sell saddles with semi-quarter or full-quarter horse bars. Semi-quarter trees, also known as regular or standard trees, will fit most stock-type horses with fairly prominent withers and average shoulders. Shorter, stockier horses with minimal withers and very round shoulders often require full-quarter, or wide, trees. These trees are generally built the same as semi-quarter trees, but with a wider gullet to accommodate a wider shoulder. Some saddle-makers also make Arab trees, which are typically built narrow in the gullet to fit over a smaller spine, and are flatter in the bars to better fit very round-barreled horses.
The saddle's front skirt should rest far enough back that it does not interefere with the movement of the shoulder, and the seat should be centered and balanced. A saddle that tips up in front may be positioned too far forward, or it may be too narrow. If it tips up in back, it's probably too wide. At the rear, the skirt should stop at least two inches in front of the point of the hip, to avoid rubbing as the horse moves forward.
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